Understanding Genital Warts
Genital warts are one of the most frequently diagnosed sexually transmitted infections (STIs), caused by certain strains of human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV is highly contagious and spreads through skin-to-skin contact during vaginal, anal, or oral sex.
While some strains of HPV cause warts, others are associated with a higher risk of cervical, penile, and anal cancers. Many people with HPV do not develop visible warts, but they can still transmit the virus to others. Although genital warts may clear on their own, medical treatment can help remove them faster and reduce recurrence.
Common Causes & Risk Factors of Genital Warts
Genital warts are caused by low-risk HPV strains, primarily HPV types 6 and 11. The virus spreads through:
- Unprotected vaginal, anal, or oral sex with an infected partner.
- Direct skin-to-skin contact, even without penetration.
- Shared sex toys that are not properly cleaned.
- Weakened immune system, making it harder to fight off HPV.
- Smoking, which may increase the risk of persistent infections.
Symptomer & genkendelse
Genital warts vary in appearance and size. They may appear:
- Small, flesh-coloured or greyish growths in the genital or anal area.
- As a single wart or clusters of multiple warts.
- With a cauliflower-like texture.
- Painless, but sometimes causing itching, discomfort, or mild bleeding.
Common areas affected include:
- Men: Penis, scrotum, anus, thighs, or inside the urethra.
- Women: Vulva, vagina, cervix, anus, or surrounding skin.
- Both genders: In or around the anus and mouth (from oral HPV transmission).
Symptomer & genkendelse
Genital warts vary in appearance and size. They may appear:
- Small, flesh-coloured or greyish growths in the genital or anal area.
- As a single wart or clusters of multiple warts.
- With a cauliflower-like texture.
- Painless, but sometimes causing itching, discomfort, or mild bleeding.
Common areas affected include:
- Men: Penis, scrotum, anus, thighs, or inside the urethra.
- Women: Vulva, vagina, cervix, anus, or surrounding skin.
- Both genders: In or around the anus and mouth (from oral HPV transmission).
How Are Genital Warts Diagnosed?
A medical professional diagnoses genital warts through:
- Visual examination of the affected area.
- Acetic acid (vinegar) test, which makes warts more visible.
- HPV testing, mainly for high-risk HPV types linked to cancer.
How Are Genital Warts Diagnosed?
A medical professional diagnoses genital warts through:
- Visual examination of the affected area.
- Acetic acid (vinegar) test, which makes warts more visible.
- HPV testing, mainly for high-risk HPV types linked to cancer.
Best Treatment Options for Genital Warts
There is no cure for HPV, but treatments can help remove warts and prevent recurrence. Common options include:
Topical Treatments:
- Podophyllotoxin (Warticon, Condylox): A self-applied solution that destroys wart tissue.
- Imiquimod (Aldara): Boosts the immune response to fight HPV and reduce warts.
- Condyline: Helps stop wart growth and prevents new warts from forming.
In-clinic procedures:
- Cryotherapy: Freezing warts with liquid nitrogen.
- Electrocautery: Burning off warts using an electric current.
- Surgical removal: For large or stubborn warts.
- Laser therapy: Effective for difficult-to-treat warts.
Since HPV remains in the body, warts can return after treatment, making preventive measures essential.
